Stiffness and pain developing in the shoulder could be adhesive capsulitis, (frozen shoulder), a condition in the shoulder’s ball-and-socket joint/glenohumeral joint. It usually develops over time and limits the functional use of the arm. The pain and tightness restrict arm movement, and the duration of symptoms can persist for 12-18 months. The cause is often unknown, but it is more common in individuals over 40, individuals with diabetes, thyroid disease, and cardiac conditions have an increased risk of developing the condition, and women tend to develop the condition more than men. Chiropractic treatment can be effective at relieving pain and expediting recovery.
Table of Contents
The shoulder joint allows more movement than any other joint in the body. A frozen shoulder causes the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint to contract and form scar tissue. The capsule contraction and the formation of adhesions cause the shoulder to become stiff, restrict movement, and cause pain and discomfort symptoms.
The progression is marked by three stages:
Most frozen shoulders occur with no injury or discernible cause but the condition is often linked to a systemic condition or one that affects the entire body.
Several systemic conditions such as heart disease have also been associated with an increased risk of developing the condition and can include:
Stiffness and pain can also be associated with damage to the joint from injuries or other shoulder problems that include:
A diagnosis is made by observing the range of motion in the shoulder, considering the two types:
Brun, Shane. “Idiopathic frozen shoulder.” Australian Journal of general practice vol. 48,11 (2019): 757-761. doi:10.31128/AJGP-07-19-4992
Chan, Hui Bin Yvonne, et al. “Physical therapy in the management of frozen shoulder.” Singapore medical journal vol. 58,12 (2017): 685-689. doi:10.11622/smedj.2017107
Cho, Chul-Hyun, et al. “Treatment Strategy for Frozen Shoulder.” Clinics in orthopedic surgery vol. 11,3 (2019): 249-257. doi:10.4055/cios.2019.11.3.249
Duzgun, Irem, et al. “Which method for frozen shoulder mobilization: manual posterior capsule stretching or scapular mobilization?.” Journal of Musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions vol. 19,3 (2019): 311-316.
Jain, Tarang K, and Neena K Sharma. “The effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of frozen shoulder/adhesive capsulitis: a systematic review.” Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation vol. 27,3 (2014): 247-73. doi:10.3233/BMR-130443
Kim, Min-Su, et al. “Diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder.” Clinics in shoulder and elbow vol. 23,4 210-216. 27 Nov. 2020, doi:10.5397/cise.2020.00318
Millar, Neal L et al. “Frozen shoulder.” Nature reviews. Disease primers vol. 8,1 59. 8 Sep. 2022, doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00386-2
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