Herniated Disc

Dealing with Low Back Leg Pain: Causes and Treatments

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Lower back leg pain depends on specific symptoms and their duration. Can having a better idea of symptoms help individuals inform their medical providers to develop an effective treatment plan?

Low Back Leg Pain

Lower back leg pain, sciatica, and weakness of the lower-extremity muscles are often diagnosed as a herniated (compressed or ruptured) disc. Nerves surrounding the spine are sensitive to irritation and pressure caused by a disc shifting out of position or physical damage to the disc and surrounding area, ranging from mild to severe. This is why it is important to be evaluated by a healthcare provider. Treatment depends on the type of spinal disc herniation and the severity, but getting an early medical evaluation helps ensure optimal outcomes. Non-surgical conservative treatments are often effective, but some cases may require more aggressive treatment, especially if the pain persists.

Spine and Nerves

Spinal discs are the shock absorbers between vertebrae. They consist of a tough outer layer, annulus fibrosis, covering a soft gel core, nucleus pulposus. When a disc is damaged, it can bulge and irritate surrounding nerves. In more severe cases, the annulus fibrosis can weaken and tear, allowing the material to leak and compress the spinal cord or nerves. As the nerves are not functioning properly, abnormal signals may be sent to and from the brain. The most common lower back herniations occur in the lumbar region, where five vertebrae near the base of the spine are classified from top to bottom as L1 through L5. (Dydyk A.M. et al., 2023) Pain resulting from an injury to this part of the spine can be debilitating because it may involve sciatic nerve irritation. Herniated disc causes are generally a combination of age-related degeneration, being overweight/obese, trauma, a sedentary lifestyle, and overloading of the spine. (Cleveland Clinic, 2021)

Symptoms

The most common symptoms include: 

Back Pain

  • Caused by nerve irritation, muscle spasms, and inflammation.

Radiculopathy

  • Abnormal signaling of the nerves.

Electrical Shooting Pain

  • Nerve pressure can cause abnormal sensations, commonly experienced as electric shooting pains.
  • For low back herniations, the shocks go down one or both legs.

Tingling – Numbness

  • There are often abnormal sensations such as tingling, numbness, or pins and needles down one or both legs.

Muscle Weakness

Bowel – Bladder Symptoms

  • These symptoms may signal cauda equina syndrome, a rare condition resulting from a herniated disc between the L5 vertebrae and the first vertebrae of the sacrum.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing a herniated disc as the cause of low back leg pain involves testing sensation, muscle strength, and reflexes. MRI also aids this process (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024). MRIs can often show herniated discs and other abnormalities, especially in older patients.

Treatment

A herniated disc treatment plan is based on patient symptoms, physical examination findings, and imaging results. Most herniated disc symptoms resolve themselves in four to six weeks. Lower back pain is generally treated conservatively through:

  • Topical pain ointments or creams for muscle spasms.
  • Non-surgical decompression relieves pressure, activates healing, and restores circulation and nutrients.
  • Chiropractic adjustments realign the spine and musculoskeletal system.
  • Massage loosens the muscles and maintains their relaxation.
  • NSAIDs to reduce inflammation. (Cleveland Clinic, 2021)
  • Total rest is never recommended, even if movement is challenging,
  • Exercise and stretching help avoid muscle degeneration and strengthen the muscles.
  • Relaxation techniques and other natural pain therapies can help manage symptoms and restore overall health.
  • Pain-blocking injections which can include anesthetics or corticosteroids at the source (Cleveland Clinic, 2021)
  • Surgery is recommended only when conservative treatments are ineffective after six weeks, if there is significant muscle weakness from nerve damage, or if motor functions are compromised. (American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 2024)

Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic

Chiropractic therapy is among the more conservative treatment options and may be tried first before proceeding with surgery. Injury Medical Chiropractic and Functional Medicine Clinic works with primary healthcare providers and specialists to develop an optimal health and wellness solution. We focus on what works for you to relieve pain, restore function, and prevent injury. Regarding musculoskeletal pain, specialists like chiropractors, acupuncturists, and massage therapists can help mitigate the pain through spinal adjustments that help the body realign itself. They can also work with other associated medical professionals to integrate a treatment plan to improve the body’s flexibility and mobility and resolve musculoskeletal issues.


Disc Herniation


References

Dydyk AM, Ngnitewe Massa R, Mesfin FB. Disc Herniation. [Updated 2023 Jan 16]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441822/

Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Herniated disc. my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12768-herniated-disk

American Association of Neurological Surgeons. (2024). Herniated disc. www.aans.org/patients/conditions-treatments/herniated-disc/

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The information herein on "Dealing with Low Back Leg Pain: Causes and Treatments" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional or licensed physician and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.

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Specialties: Stopping the PAIN! We Specialize in Treating Severe Sciatica, Neck-Back Pain, Whiplash, Headaches, Knee Injuries, Sports Injuries, Dizziness, Poor Sleep, Arthritis. We use advanced proven therapies focused on optimal Mobility, Posture Control, Deep Health Instruction, Integrative & Functional Medicine, Functional Fitness, Chronic Degenerative Disorder Treatment Protocols, and Structural Conditioning. We also integrate Wellness Nutrition, Wellness Detoxification Protocols and Functional Medicine for chronic musculoskeletal disorders. We use effective "Patient Focused Diet Plans", Specialized Chiropractic Techniques, Mobility-Agility Training, Cross-Fit Protocols, and the Premier "PUSH Functional Fitness System" to treat patients suffering from various injuries and health problems. Ultimately, I am here to serve my patients and community as a Chiropractor passionately restoring functional life and facilitating living through increased mobility. Purpose & Passions: I am a Doctor of Chiropractic specializing in progressive cutting-edge therapies and functional rehabilitation procedures focused on clinical physiology, total health, functional strength training, functional medicine, and complete conditioning. We focus on restoring normal body functions after neck, back, spinal and soft tissue injuries. We use Specialized Chiropractic Protocols, Wellness Programs, Functional & Integrative Nutrition, Agility & Mobility Fitness Training and Cross-Fit Rehabilitation Systems for all ages. As an extension to dynamic rehabilitation, we too offer our patients, disabled veterans, athletes, young and elder a diverse portfolio of strength equipment, high-performance exercises and advanced agility treatment options. We have teamed up with the cities' premier doctors, therapist and trainers in order to provide high-level competitive athletes the options to push themselves to their highest abilities within our facilities. We've been blessed to use our methods with thousands of El Pasoans over the last 3 decades allowing us to restore our patients' health and fitness while implementing researched non-surgical methods and functional wellness programs. Our programs are natural and use the body's ability to achieve specific measured goals, rather than introducing harmful chemicals, controversial hormone replacement, un-wanted surgeries, or addictive drugs. We want you to live a functional life that is fulfilled with more energy, a positive attitude, better sleep, and less pain. Our goal is to ultimately empower our patients to maintain the healthiest way of living. With a bit of work, we can achieve optimal health together, no matter the age, ability or disability.

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